My girlfriend is making hamburgers. We had a huge debate this morning over who would go out and get the buns -- I think you can guess who ended up doing it. I also bought some Red Bull [1], which is such an interesting substance.
It's so interesting, in fact, that I've decided to look into it a bit. An 18 year old named Ross Cooney [2] [3] dropped dead in Ireland after consuming up to four Red Bulls and then playing basketball -- it was apparently decided that he died of "sudden adult death syndrome" [4], but an inquiry was launched to see if the drink posed a health risk. It appears that no real risk could be determined; however, the drink could not be proven to be conclusively safe, either.
An interesting tense in Spanish is the subjunctive. One uses it when expressing a variety of different ideas such as commands, negative commands, verbs that "express a wish, insistence, preference, suggestion, or request" [5] -- for example, "Quiero que Juan lo haga" -- which, in English, would be read "I want John to do it". Notice in English that the infinitive is used, whereas, in Spanish, it is subjunctive.
To form the subjunctive, drop the "o" from the first person present indicative, and for er and ir verbs, add the endings "a, as, a, amos, áis, an", and for ar verbs, add the endings "e, es, e, emos, éis, en". For example (I've only included the vosotros form for two verbs):
abrir (to open) - yo abra, tú abras, ella abra, nosotros abramos, ellos abran
acabar (to finish, complete) - yo acabe, tú acabes, ella acabe, nosotros acabemos, ellos acaben
adelantar (to advance) - yo adelante, tú adelantes, ella adelante, nosotros adelantemos, ellos adelanten
afeitarse (to shave oneself) - me afeite, te afeites, se afeite, nos afeitemos, se afeiten
almorzar (to lunch, to have lunch) - yo almuerce, tú almuerces, ella almuerce, nosotros almorcemos, ellos almuercen
gastar (to spend) - yo gaste, tú gastes, ella gaste, nosotros gastemos, vosotros gastéis, ellos gasten
Almorzar is tricky, because one would expect it to take the form of almuerzo, the first person indicative. But it does not. Also, note that the nosotros form, almorcemos, follows the form of the present indicative: this is not the case with all subjunctive verbs. For example,
aparecer (to appear, to show up) - yo aparezca, tú aparezcas, ella aparezca, nosotros aparezcamos, ellos aparezcan
pensar (to think) - piense, pienses, piense, pensemos, piensen
perder (to lose) - pierda, pierdas, pierda, perdamos, pierdan
contar (to count) - cuente, cuentes, cuente, contemos, cuenten
volver (to return) - vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, vuelvan
sentir (to feel) - sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sientan
pedir (to ask) - pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidan
dormir (to sleep) - duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, duerman
andar (to walk) - ande, andes, ande, andemos, anden
buscar (to look for) - busque, busques, busque, busquemos, busquen
caer (to fall) - caiga, ciagas, ciaga, caigamos, caigan
conducir (to drive) - conduzca, conduzcas, conduzca, conduzcamos, conduzcan
conocer (to know) - conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcan
construir (to build) - construya, construyas, construya, construyamos, construyan
continuar (to continue) - continúe, continúes, continúe, continuemos, continúen
creer (to believe) - crea, creas, crea, creamos, crean
dar (to give) - dé, des, dé, demos, den
decir (to say) - diga, digas, diga, digamos, digan
empezar (to begin) - empiece, empieces, empiece, empecemos, empiecen
esquir (to ski) - esquíe, esquíes, esquíe, esquiemos, esquíen
estar (to be) - esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén
haber (to have, auxiliary) - haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan
hacer (to make, do) - haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagan
ir (to go) - vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
leer (to read) - lea, leas, lea, leamos, lean
oír (to hear) - oiga, oigas, oiga, oigamos, oigan
pagar (to pay) - pague, pagues, pague, paguemos, paguen
poder (can, to be able to) - pueda, puedas, pueda, podamos, puedan
poner (to place, put) - ponga, pongas, ponga, pongamos, pogan
querer (to like, to desire) - quiera, quieras, quiera, queramos, quieran
reír (to laugh) - ría, rías, ría, riamos, rían
saber (to know [a fact]) - sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
salir (to leave) - salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan
seguir (to follow) - siga, sigas, siga, sigamos, sigan
ser (to be) - sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
tener (to have) -- yo tenga, tú tengas, ella tenga, nosotros tengamos, vosotros tengáis, ellos tengan
traer (to bring) - traiga, traigas, traiga, traigamos, traigan
valer (to be worth) - valga, valgas, valga, valgamos, valgan
venir (to come) - venga, vengas, venga, vengamos, vengan
ver (to see) - vea, veas, vea, veamos, vean
volver (to return) - vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, vuelvan
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